Multi-sectoral impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on nutrition outcomes : an analytical framework

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Multi-sectoral impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on nutrition outcomes : an analytical framework : The COVID-19 pandemic threatens to derail progress made towards achieving the maternal, infant and young child nutrition targets endorsed by the World Health Assembly (WHA),i particularly the targets for stunting, wasting, anaemia in women of reproductive age and exclusive breastfeeding (see Box 1). The prospects for achieving the WHA targets by 2025 were already low before the COVID-19 crisis, and the many disruptions to international, national and subnational structures and systems caused by the pandemic are threatening the progress made in recent years. For example, UNICEF reported that low- and middleincome countries experienced a 30 per cent reduction in the coverage of essential nutrition services in 2020.ii These services, including school feeding, micronutrient supplementation and nutrition promotion programmes, are a critical part of the integrated approaches needed to make progress towards the WHA targets.

The COVID-19 crisis generated a staggering array of pandemicrelated shocks that affected nearly all aspects of human life in countries around the world. For nutrition, these shocks – from epidemiologic to economic, from micro to macro, from personal to planetary – directly affected billions of people and created unprecedented challenges for the full range of stakeholders

The outcomes included in the framework mirror the six global nutrition targets for maternal, infant and young child nutrition endorsed by the WHA (Table 10). These outcomes were selected as a way to focus the analytical framework on a particular subset of nutrition issues and their links to the COVID-19 pandemic. Without this focus, the broad and interdisciplinary nature of nutrition – combined with the wide-ranging effects of COVID-19 pandemic – would lead to an inestimable number of outcomes. However, as mentioned above, it is possible for users to consider other outcomes in the framework and explore how the various factors can be linked to them (e.g., reductions in adult overweight/obesity; prevention and treatment of NCDs).

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